Time Value of Money (TVM) Foundation

Present Value Calculator

Determine the current discounted worth of future cash sums and recurring annuities based on opportunity cost, inflation, and required investment hurdle rates.

Discounting Inputs

$100,000
%
Optional Recurring Cash Inflow (Annuity)Leave 0 for pure lump sum

Discounted Present Valuation

Net purchasing power in today's capital

Present Value (PV)
$50,834.93
capital required today at 7% to reach $100,000
Total Nominal Sum
$100,000
future cash undiscounted
Time-Value Discount
$49,165.07
interest erosion amount
Discount Factor: Every $1.00 received 10 years from now is worth exactly $0.5083 in purchasing power today at an annual discount rate of 7%.

Present Value (PV) Mathematical Architecture

Lump Sum Present Value

PV = FV ÷ (1 + r/m)^(m × t)

Where FV is future value, r is annual discount hurdle rate, m is compounding frequency per year, and t is time horizon in years.

Ordinary Annuity vs. Annuity Due

PV Ordinary = PMT × [1 − (1 + r)^−n] ÷ r
PV Annuity Due = PV Ordinary × (1 + r)

Because annuity due payments are received immediately at the start of each period, each installment experiences one fewer interval of time-value discounting.

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